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Criteria |
Description |
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1. |
Name of TRU |
TRU of privacy
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2. |
Summary description of TRU
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Privacy involves three basic aspects:
- Autonomy: the capacity of members of society to function as
individuals, uncoerced and with privacy.
- Intrusion: one should be free from government surveillance
with a reasonable expectation of privacy.
- Informational privacy: individuals have the right to limit
their personal domain by denying access of their personal information
to others, or to limit how much personal information they are
obligated to give to others. [1]
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3.
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Use records of TRU
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In the "analogue world", individuals were more or less able to control the
access to their personal information:
- Appeareances in the public were separated by space and time
- The collection of information about individuals required physical
interaction
- Only visible and audible information was collected by surveillance
tools
- Only out-of-ordinary events were collected
- Collections of personal information were separated
With the digitalization of the world, individuals are losing their
ability to control personal information:
- The public appeareance of individuals on the Internet reveals more
details about preferences, interests and location
- The manner to collect information about individuals becomes
invisible
- New electrical and digital surveillance tools collect more
detailed and precise data
- Routine events are collected
- Collections of personal information are centralised in databases
and can be accessed on-line [2]
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4. |
Nature of TRU
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Supported by law (e.g. 4th Amendment, US Privacy Act of 1974 [3], EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC [4]). After 9-11-2001, worldwide privacy and
civil liberty policies have changed ([5], [6]).
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5. |
Benefits of TRU |
"A free and democratic society requires respect for the autonomy of
individuals, and limits on the power of both state and private
organisations to intrude on that autonomy". [7]
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6. |
Possible digital support
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- Machine readable privacy policies
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7. |
Requirements
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- Anonymity and Pseudonymity: the user
shall be able to hide or only selectively disclose
personal information
- Secure Communications and Storage: the
user shall be ensured that no unauthorized third party
gets access to her information, either in transit or
in storage
- Transparency: the user shall be informed
about the amount of her personal information under
surveillance at any point in time; and why and how
this is done
- Trust: the user shall be able to find out
whom she can trust to keep their promises, and who
can help her in case of conflicts
[8]
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8. |
References
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[1] - Personal
Privacy Protection Versus Your Right To Know... - ESRI/ National
Research Council
[2] - Personal
Privacy in Ubiquitous Computing, Marc Langheinrich ETH Zürich,
Switzerland
[3] - The Privacy Act of 1974
[4] - Directive
95/46/EC
[5] - Privacy
and Human Rights 2003 - Beyond September 11, 2001
[6] - PapersPlease.org
[7] - Australian
Privacy Charter, 1994
[8] - Privacy-aware
Ubiquitous Systems, Marc Langheinrich ETH Zürich, Switzerland
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