MPEG technologies

Summary of MPEG technologies

The scope of activity of the Moving Picture Coding Experts Group (MPEG) covers standardisation of all technologies that are required for interoperable multimedia. A rough classification of areas is

Media coding	Composition coding	Description coding	System support
IPMP	Digital Item	Transport and file format	Multimedia architecture
Application formats	Generic media technologies	Reference implementations	Conformance

1.			Media coding
	1.		*2D Video coding*
		1.	MPEG-1 Video	What it does:
				Provides technology to code non-interlaced video
				What it is for:
				Good for up to SIF resolution video
				Where: ISO/IEC 11172-1, -2, -3
		2.	MPEG-2 Video	What it does:
				Provides technology to code both non-interlaced and interlaced video
				What it is for:
				Good for high quality, up to HD video. Particularly suitable for TV broadcast and DVD storage.
				Where: ISO/IEC 13818-2
		3.	MPEG-4 Visual (rectangular)	What it does:
				Provides technology to code both non-interlaced and interlaced video over a broad range of bitrates and resolutions
				What it is for:
				Internet and mobile video (Simple Profile), video on demand (Advanced Simple Profile) and studio applications (Studio Profile)
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-2
		4.	Shape coding (non-rectangular)	What it does:
				Provides technology to encode visual content for interactive multimedia, supporting non-rectangular video objects, mesh-based deformations and sprites, face and body animation
				What it is for:
				Web and 3D navigation applications
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-2
		5.	Advanced Video Coding	What it does:
				Provides technology to code both non-interlaced and interlaced video over a broad range of bitrates and resolutions with a coding efficiency approximately double compared to MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 Visual
				What it is for:
				Practically all non-scalable digital video applications
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-10
		6.	Scalable Video Coding	What it does:
				Provides a scalable video stream with a compression efficiency comparable to state-of-the-art non-scalable codecs over large range of data rates. Supports various combinations of spatial, temporal and SNR scalability, base layer compatibility with AVC.
				What it is for:
				Internet video, wireless LAN video, mobile wireless video for conversational, VOD, and live broadcasting, multi-channel content production and distribution, surveillance-and-storage applications, and layered contents protection
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-10
		7.	Wavelet coding	What it does:
				This is an exploration activity designed to collect evidence on the potential advantages offered by wavelet transforms for future video coding standards.
				What it is for:
				Same as scalable video
				Where: TBD
	2.	1.	*3D Video coding*
		1.	Multiview video coding	What it does:
				Provides efficient representation of the signals of an array of video camera shooting the same scene.
				What it is for:
				Interactive video, i.e. when the user can navigate within real word audio-visual scenes and freely choose a viewpoint and/or view direction. 3D video and free viewpoint TV where the user gets a depth impression of the scene because each eye gets separate views, changing with view angle.
				Where:TBD
	3.		*Audio coding*
		1.	MPEG-1 Audio	What it does:
				Provides technology to represent stereo sound in a quality scalable manner Layer I provides transparency at 384 kbit/s Layer II provides transparency at 256 kbit/s Layer II provides trANSPARENCY AT 192 KBIT/S
				What it is for:
				Potentially all digital sound and television applications can be covered by this technology
				Where: ISO/IEC 11172-3
		2.	MPEG-2 Audio	What it does:
				Provides technology to represent Multichannel audio that is backward compatible with MPEG-1 Aydio A lower sampling rate extension of MPEG-1 Audio
				What it is for:
				Multichannel audio applications
				Where: ISO/IEC 13818-3
		3.	Advanced Audio Coding	What it does:
				Provides technology to represent stereo and multichannel sound with transparency achieved at 128 kbit/s (stereo) and 320 kbit/s (5.1 multichannel). AAC comes in two versions: MPEG-2 and MPEG-4, the latter being an extension of the technology with more coding tools
				What it is for:
				Potentially all digital sound and television applications can be covered by this technology
				Where: ISO/IEC 13818-3 and ISO/IEC 14496-3
		4.	Parametric Audio Coding	What it does: Represent an audio or speech signal by means of 4 objects (sinusoids, noise, transients and stereo image) that are parameterized and subsequently efficiently coded into a bitstream format

				What it is for: Low bit-rate audio and speech applications demanding medium to good quality. The parametric coding scheme inherently provides for high quality tempo and pitch scalability for no additional complexity in the decoder. The parametric stereo object can also be combined with HE-AAC providing a significant advantage in complexity. This particular combination is referred to as the HE-AAC v2 profile and has been an enabling technology for music download services.

				Where:
		5.	Spectral Band Replication	What it does: Provides technology to recreate high frequencies that have been discarded in the encoding process by the underlying audio coder it is used in combination with. Provides full audio bandwidth for all bitrates.

				What it is for: All applications in the bitrate range where the full bandwidth cannot be sufficiently well coded by the underlying audio coder.

				Where: ISO/IEC 13818-3 and ISO/IEC 14496-3
		6.	Lossless coding	What it does:
				Provides lossless compression of audio waveforms. Supports both consumer (e.g. 48 kHz/16 bit) and professional (e.g. 192 kHz / 24 bit) formats.
				What it is for:
				A significant application is archiving of professional studio recordings.
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-3/Amd.?
		7.	Scalable Lossless coding	What it does:
				Provides fine-grain scalable compression of audio waveforms. The architecture consists of a core lossy audio codec plus an enhancement quantizer. Scalability is from the rate of the core lossy codec through a rate that achieves lossless reconstruction.
				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-3/Amd.?
		8.	1-bit Lossless Coding	What it does:
				What it does: Provides lossless compression of 1-bit, highly oversampled audio representations
				What it is for:
				Archiving of high quality professional studio recordings in a 1-bit oversampled audio format. This includes the Direct Stream Digital (DSD) format as applied on the widely used Super Audio CD (SACD) medium.
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-3/Amd.?
		9.	MPEG Surround	What it does:
				Provides a multi-channel signal which approximates the original multi-channel material as closely as possible in a perceptual sense, and which exploits the human perception of a sound stage. Coding consists of e.g. 2 audio channels encoded with e.g. an MPEG audio codec plus “spatial cue” side information.
				What it is for:
				Facilitates transmission of 5.1 channels of compressed audio over channels that currently support only 2 channels of compressed audio, such as satellite or terrestrial DAB transmission channels.
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-3/Amd.?
		10.	Scalable Audio	What it does:
				An exploration activity designed to seek technology that has A scalable bitstream representation A single, unified coder with a performance that approaches that of speech coders for speech signals that of music coders for music signals.
				What it is for:
				This is expected to have two broad application areas: Applications in which transmission is a mix of speech and speech plus music or only music. Applications in which network-based scalability is required, for example audio streaming over a local or wide-area network.
				Where:TBD
	4.		2D Graphic coding
		1.	Texture coding	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-2
		2.	2D mesh coding	What it does:
				Provides coded representation of 2D Meshes with Implicit Structure
				What it is for:

				Where:
	5.		3D Graphic coding
		1.	Face and Body Animation	What it does:
				Provides coded representation of parameters that can define, calibrate and animate synthetic faces and bodies
				What it is for:
				Avatar animation for low bitrate communication
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-2
		2.	3D mesh coding	What it does:
				Provides 40~50:1 compression for 3D mesh (IndexedFaceSet) with the following functionalities Incremental transmission and rendering Non-manifold model support by stitching Error resilience support Progressive coding via hierarchical representation
				What it is for:
				3D applications requiring compression of 3D mesh model that can be represented by IndexedFaceSet.
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-2
		3.	AFX	What it does:
				Provides technologies for Geometry representation : subdivision surface, high degree patches, implicit surfaces Texture representation : depth image-based (point-based) representation, view-dependent multi-texturing Animation representation : skeleton systems, morphing Compression schemes for geometry, texture and animation
				What it is for:
				3D applications requiring content compression and low bitrate communication
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-16
	6.		Synthetic audio coding
		1.	Structured audio	What it does:
				Provides two languages A synthesis language called SAOL (Structured Audio Orchestra Language) to define an “orchestra” made up of “instruments” (downloaded in the bitstream, not fixed in the terminal), which create and process control data A language called SASL (Structured Audio Score Language) that is used to describe scores or scripts and to create new sounds, and also include additional control information for modifying existing sound
				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-2
	7.		*Text coding*
		1.	Streaming text format	What it does:
				Provides specification of concatenation of text access units, format of text streams and text access units, signaling and decoding of text streams
				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-17
	8.		*Font coding*
		1.	Font compression and streaming	What it does:
				Provides technologies for Font format representation for font data encoding Font compression technology for TrueType and OpenType fonts The coded representation of information in font data streams
				What it is for: Faithful encoding and reproduction of text in multimedia content

				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-18
		2.	Open Font Format	What it does:
				Conversion of the OpenType font format specification from the external normatively referenced specification to an ISO/IEC standard.
				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-22
2.			Composition coding
	1.		Composition coding
		1.	Binary Format for Scenes	What it does:
				Provides a compact representation of scene description information. The scene can be animated by means of BIFS Anim and BIFS Update
				What it is for:

				Where:
		2.	Lightweight Scene Representation	What it does:
				Provides a scene representation targeting a trade-off between expressivity, compression efficiency, decoding and rendering efficiency, and memory footprint.
				What it is for:
				For constrained environment (e.g. mobile devices)
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-20
		3.	Symbolic Music Representation	What it does:
				It provides a logical structure that relates and synchronizes symbolic music elements with the audio-visual events represented and rendered using MPEG technology.
				What it is for:
				SMR can Represent different types of music including Chant, Renaissance, Classic, Romantic and 20th Century styles, simplified notations for children, Braille and other forms. Support a large set of interactive applications for end users in the areas of music education, multimedia content distribution and music archiving.
				Where: TBD
3.			Description coding
	1.		Description *technologies*
		1.	Description Definition Language	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 15938-2
	2.		Video description
		1.	Low level descriptions	What it does:
				Specifies the following descriptors of visual information Basic structures Color Descriptors Texture Descriptors 2D and 3D Shape Descriptors 2D and 3D Motion Descriptors Localization
				What it is for: Search and retrieval applications, automatic and semi-automatic indexing by image/video based features

				Where: ISO/IEC 15938-3
		2.	High level descriptions	What it does:
				Specifies the following descriptor Face Recognition
				What it is for: As under 1. above with increased semantic expressiveness.

				Where: ISO/IEC 15938-3
	2.		Audio description
		1.	Low level descriptions	What it does:
				Specifies the following descriptors Structures Features Basic Basic Spectral Signal Parameters Timbral Temporal Timbral Spectral Spectral Basis Silence segment
				What it is for: MPEG-7 low level descriptors are useful for semantically low level search and retrieval applications as music identification, music similarity or genre recognition

				Where: ISO/IEC 15938-4
		2.	High level descriptions	What it does:
				Specifies the following descriptors Audio Signature Description Scheme Musical Instrument Timbre Description Tools Melody Description Tools General Sound Recognition and Indexing Description Tools Spoken Content Description Tools
				What it is for: Allow a search and retrieval of semantically higher expressiveness. With the help of this descriptor search applications manage to have access to melody, rhythmic information or spoken content analysis

				Where: ISO/IEC 15938-4
	3.		*Multimedia* description
		1.	Multimedia Description Schemes	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 15938-5
4.			Systems support
	1.		Multiplexing and synchronisation
		1.	MPEG-1	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 11172-1
		2.	MPEG-2	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 13818-1
		3.	MPEG-4	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-1
	2.		Signallng
		1.	DSM-CC User to Network	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 13818-6
		2.	DMIF	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-6
5.			IPMP
	1.		Identification Technologies
		1.	MPEG-2 Copyright Identifier	What it does: Provides means to identify the copyright of MPEG-2 coded content

				What it is for: Intellectual Property Management and Protection

				Where: ISO/IEC 13818-2
		2.	Object Content Information	What it does:
				MPEG-4 OCI descriptors convey descriptive information about audio-visual objects, e.g. content classification descriptors keyword descriptors rating descriptors language descriptors textual descriptors
				What it is for:

				Where:
		3.	Digital Item Identification	What it does:
				Specifies How to uniquely identify Digital Items; How to uniquely identify IP related to the Digital Items, e.g. abstractions; How to uniquely identify Description Schemes; The relationship between Digital Items and existing identification systems The relationship between Digital Items and relevant description schemes. Note that in the list above Digital Item includes also its parts.
				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-3
	2.		Rights Expression Technologies
		1.	Rights Expression Language	What it does:
				Specifies the syntax and semantics of the MPEG-21 Rights Expression Language
				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-5
		2.	Rights Data Dictionary	What it does:
				Describes the MPEG-21 Rights Data Dictionary which comprises Terms to support the MPEG-21 Rights Expression Language Specifies the methodology for and structure of the RDD Dictionary, and specifies how further Terms may be defined under the governance of a Registration Authority
				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-6
	3.		Persistent Association Technologies
	3.	1.	Evaluation Tools for Persistent Association	What it does:
				Documents best practice in the evaluation of tools for persistent association
				What it is for:
				It allows to conduct such evaluations using a common methodology. This gives confidence to those relying on the results that they are: Appropriate tests of the technology that will predict its performance under real-world conditions Comparable with results obtained from other tests conducted using the same methodology
				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-11
	3.		Access Technologies
		1.	MPEG-2 IPMP	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 13818-11
		2.	MPEG-4 IPMP	What it does:

				What it is for:


		3.	MPEG-21 IPMP	What it does:
				Provides: IPMP DIDL: a representation of the Digital Item model which allows protection and securing of Digital Item elements IPMP Tools: schemas allowing descriptions of IPMP mechanisms required for Digital Item protection
				What it is for:
				IPMP of Digital Item resources
				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-4
6.			Digital Item
	1.		Digital Item Technologies
		1.	Digital Item Declaration	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-2
		2.	Digital Item Processing	What it does:
				Specifies the syntax and semantics of tools that may be used to process Digital Items. The tools provide a normative set of tools that specify the processing of a Digital Item in a predefined manner
				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-10
		3.	Event Reporting	What it does:
				Provides mechanisms to express Event Report Requests and Event Reports
				What it is for:
				iAllow Users to monitor Events relating to Digital Items and/or Peers
				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-15
		4.	Schema Files	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/MPEG-21_schema_files
	2.		Resources in Digital Items
		1.	Digital Item Adaptation	What it does:
				Specifies the syntax and semantics of tools that may be used to assist the adaptation of Digital Items, i.e., the Digital Item Declaration and resources referenced by the declaration.
				What it is for:
				The tools can be used to satisfy transmission, storage and consumption constraints, as well as Quality of Service management by the various Users.
				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-7
		2.	Fragment Identification for MPEG Resources	What it does:
				Provides a framework and schemes for addressing fragments of resources with an MPEG MIME media type. The domains addressable include spatial, spatiotemporal, temporal, physical format, and logical models.
				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-17
7.			Transport and File Format
	1.		Transport of Media Streams
		1.	Program Stream	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 11172-1 and ISO/IEC 13818-1
		2.	Transport Stream	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 13818-1
		3.	M4Mux	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
	2.		Media File Formats
		1.	ISO Base Media File Format	What it does:
				Provides a File Format to contain timed media information for a presentation in a flexible, extensible format. This presentation may be ‘local’ to the system containing the presentation, or may be via a network or other stream delivery mechanism.
				What it is for:
				It facilitates interchange, management, editing, and presentation of media
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-12
		2.	MPEG-4 File Format	What it does:
				Provides an instance of the ISO Base Media File format capable of supporting highly dynamic MPEG-4 (BIFS) presentations
				What it is for:
				It facilitates interchange, management, editing, and presentation of MPEG-4 (BIFS) presentations
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-14
		3.	AVC File Format	What it does:
				Defines the storage of AVC video in all file formats in the ISO base media file format family
				What it is for:
				Provides a common interchange format for AVC video by using a uniform file storage in a powerful container format
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-15
		4.	Digital Item File Format	What it does:
				Specifies how a Digital Item Declaration (DID) and some or all of its referenced content can be placed in a single ‘content package’ file.
				What it is for:
				Enables the interchange, editing, and ‘playback’ of MPEG-21 Digital Items.
				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-9
8.			Multimedia architecture
	1.		Terminal Architecture
		1.	MPEG-1	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 11172-1
		2.	MPEG-2	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 13818-1
		3.	MPEG-4	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		4.	MPEG-7	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 15938-1
	2.		Application Programming Interfaces
		1.	MPEG-J	What it does:
				Provides the following APIs Scene graph API provides access to the scene graph: to inspect the graph, to alter nodes and their fields, and to add and remove nodes within the graph Resource Manager API provides a centralised facility for managing resources Terminal Capability API is used when program execution is contingent upon the terminal configuration and its static and dynamic capabilities Media Decoders API allow the control of the decoders that are present in the terminal Network API provides a way to interact with the network, being compliant to the MPEG-4 DMIF Application Interface.
				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-11
		2.	MPEG-J GFX	What it does:
				What it does: Provides a lightweight API for 3D entertainment applications that integrates Java, graphics and AV subsystems
				What it is for:
				What it is for: By using this API with MPEG-J, existing Java applications can be enhanced with MPEG's systems and audio-visual streams
				Where: ISO/IEC 14496-21
		3.	Multimedia Middleware	What it does:
				Provides a set of APIs to allow multimedia applications to: Execute functions provided by a middleware in a standard way without the need for an in-depth knowledge of the middleware Trigger the update/upgrade/extension of the API, e.g. because they are not present or outdated.
				What it is for:
				Download and execute applications from multiple providers on devices supporting the API Create a horizontal market of multimedia components
				Where:TBD
9.			Application formats
	1.		*Players*
		1.	Music Player	What it does:
				Specification of a format comprising MP3 audio, song title and artist meta data and JPEG album art using the components of MPEG-4 audio and file format , MPEG-7 meta data constructs and JPEG image coding
				What it is for:
				can be used to construct PC-based or portable music players. The standard has sufficient flexibility to construct libraries of individual songs or collections of songs (e.g. Compact Disk albums). The metadata associated with each song permits sorting, search and play list generation. MPEG Music Player MAF
				Where:ISO/IEC 23000-2
		2.	Photo Player	What it does:
				Specification of a format comprising images and metadata
				What it is for:
				Provides a convenient format to store images with metadata to facilitate search
				Where:TBD
10.			Generic Media Technologies
	1.		XML Technologies
		1.	Binary MPEG format for XML	What it does:
				Provides a generic binary format to Encode XML documents in a compact bitstream that can be efficiently parsed Stream XML files so that a large document can be progressively send or carouselled.
				What it is for:
				It allows both to precisely manage bandwidth consumption and reduce application latency.
				Where:TBD ISO/IEC 23001-1
	2.		Signal Processing Technologies
		1.	Generic inverse DCT specification	What it does:
				Provides specification for the IDCT accuracy.
				What it is for:
				Provides a standard that can be referenced in lieu of IEEE 1180 which has been withdrawn
				Where: ISO/IEC 11172-6
		2.	Fixed point implementation of DCT/IDCT	What it does:
				a normative fixed-point approximation to the ideal 8x8 IDCT an informative fixed-point approximation to the ideal 8x8 forward DCT (possibly)
				What it is for:
				The approximation can become the reference implementation of the 8x8 IDCT because it satisfies the conformance requirements for the MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 part 2 video coding standards.
				Where: TBD
		3.	Coding Tool Repository	What it does:
				Defines the general architecture of a codes Functional Units (FU) Global Control Unit (GCU) Defines the general architecture of a FU signal data in/out context&control data in/out context data Identifies coding tools that are used in MPEG standards For each FU provides description of FU in natural text programming language hardware description language description of interfaces conformance testing Provides specific instances of decoder configurations and relevant GCUs
				What it is for:
				Provides reusability of coding tools addition of new coding tools transcoding continuous evolution of standards
				Where: TBD
11.			Reference implementations
	1.		Reference software
		1.	MPEG-1	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		2.	MPEG-2	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		3.	MPEG-4	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		4.	MPEG-7	What it does: Provides Reference SW implementation of normative and non normative components and interfaces necessary to build MPEG-7 applications Three model “template” applications: "Extraction Applications" (a description data base is built from a media data base) "Search and Retrieval Applications" (a description is compared with the descriptions in a database to find the one with the lowest distance) "Transcoding Applications" (a media data base is converted into another media data base basing on its description content)

				What it is for: To enable widespread use of the MPEG-7 standard through reference implementations of tools, bitstreams, interfaces and informative technologies for extracting descriptions

				Where: ISO/IEC 15938-6
		5.	MPEG-21	What it does:
				Provides Reference Software for MPEG-21 DID, DIA, REL, RDD, DIP and File Format: software for individual parts, integrated software, utility software for individual parts and integrated
				What it is for:

				Where: ISO/IEC 21000-8
		6.	MPEG-A	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
	2.		Reference hardware description
		1.	MPEG-4	What it does: provides mixed SW/HW descriptions of MPEG-4 Part2 2 and 10 (some modules are described by alternative blocks described in an HDL form) platform implementing a "virtual socket" exposing a SW and HW API that enables a truly integrated, platform-independent environment for SW and HW development

				What it is for: to promote use of MPEG-4 video through reference descriptions that are closer to hardware designers' needs development of MPEG HW modules in an environment that guarantees conformance of the implementations with the reference SW systematic way to investigate the complexity of new codecs

				Where: ISO/IED 14496-9
12.			Conformance
	1.		MPEG-1
		1.	Systems	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		2.	Video	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		3.	Audio	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
	2.		MPEG-2
		1.	Systems	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		2.	Video	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		3.	Audio	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		4.	DSM-CC	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
	3.		MPEG-4
		1.	Systems	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		2.	Visual	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		3.	Audio	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
	4.		MPEG-7
		1.	Systems	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		2.	Visual	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		3.	Audio	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
	5.		MPEG-21
		1.	Digital Item Declaration	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		2.	Rights Expression Language	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		3.	Digital Item Adaptation	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
		4.	Digital Item Processing	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
	5.		MPEG-A
		1.	Music Player	What it does:

				What it is for:

				Where:
13.			Mantenance
	1.		MPEG-1
	1.		MPEG-2
	1.		MPEG-4
	1.		MPEG-7
	1.		MPEG-21
	1.		MPEG-A